Book Babies

Category

Family Support, Literacy

Child's Age

0-1 years, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years, 4-5 years

Participant

Children, Parents/Guardian

Languages

English, Spanish

Brief Description

Home-visiting program to develop early language and literacy skills through customized literacy coaching and book provision. Book Babies equips parents/caregivers with a home library from birth and ensures their access to the tools and support needed to advocate for their children when they transition to Pre-K, kindergarten, and beyond.

Expected Impact

  • Improved caregiver understanding of early literacy activities and developmental milestones
  • Increase in caregiver sense of community and support 
  • Increase in caregiver’s use of early literacy strategies in the home
  • Increase in daily reading routines

Core Components for Model Fidelity

  • Audience: Families with children younger than 16 weeks at enrollment who are Medicaid eligible and located in a NC county implementing Book Babies.
  • Home Visits: 4 visits per year during the first 4 years of enrollment and 1 visit in the last year focused on the transition from pre-k to kindergarten.
    • During home visits, a trained Book Babies Literacy Coach reviews early language and literacy concepts and strategies with the caregiver and shares 5 age-appropriate books (for a total of 20 books a year, or 100+ books by the end of the five-year program) for the family to add to their home library. Books are also provided to the siblings of the enrolled child (ages 0-18 years). 
    • Starting at 2.5 years of age, the Book Babies Coach shares a Literacy Kit at each visit (includes a writing/coloring pad, pencil, crayons, playdough, pencil sharpener, and scissors in a reusable bag) and models emergent writing strategies for the family to continue to practice at home.
  • Transition to School: During the last year of the program, families receive a Ready for School Guide and materials to prepare for the transition to school as well as individualized coaching regarding pre-k application and kindergarten information. All sites implementing Book Babies must offer additional transition to school supports, but families are not required to participate. These may include the following:
    • Small group info sessions regarding pre-k and kindergarten transitions.
    • Opportunities to participate in a small group six-week parent and family advocacy training (conducted in English and Spanish) centered on the transition to school.
    • This component is supported by local K-12 representatives (i.e., school family liaison, kindergarten teachers, etc.).
  • Parent Networking Opportunities: Parent networking opportunities must be made available throughout participation in the program and communicated via means that all parents receive (e.g., text messages, social media posts, and emails). All sites are required to provide the parent networking opportunities each year. These may include the following:
    • Committee opportunities
    • A celebration (for example, an annual celebration and/or a graduation at the end of the cohort’s five years of participation in the program, typically held at the end of spring before kindergarten starts)
    • Weekly text messages
    • Invitations to meetings/small group programming

Languages Materials are Available in

English, Spanish

Delivery Mode

Home Visits: In-person

Transition to School: In-person 

Parenting Networking Opportunities: Varies

Dosage

Home Visits:

  • Five-year engagement with a family
  • Four 30-60 minute visits, one per quarter, each year for the first 4 years and 1 visit in the last year 

Transition to School: One school consultation is completed during the last year of the program.

Parenting Networking Opportunities: At least one per year.

Infrastructure for Implementation

Materials: Book Babies Manual and Curriculum; books and materials to include in Book Babies Literacy Kits (1 reusable bag, crayons, pencil, playdoh, toddler scissors, glue stick, drawing pad, and pencil sharpener). These materials are not provided by the purveyor. 

Space: Storage for books.

Wraparound: Childcare, meals, translation services, and transportation support must be offered for in-person small group meetings throughout the program.

Incentives: The following incentives are offered to Book Babies participants in Durham and recommended for use in other counties. Smart Start Cost Principles need to be followed with any incentives provided.

  • Free books
  • Free bookshelf
  • Free Literacy Kits
  • Free Ready for School guide and materials
  • $5 membership to Museum of Life & Science or similar local children’s museum
  • Parent networking opportunities
  • Partnership with Bright Futures helps families start building their child’s savings account- $100 per year of active enrollment in Book Babies (totaling $500 at graduation)
    • Parents can add additional funds
    • Can be used to support child’s education or career needs once they turn 18 
    • Studies show that children who have a $500 college savings account are 3x more likely to attend college and 4x more likely to graduate
    • More information about Book Babies and Bright Futures- FAQ. Parents own these children’s savings accounts, and Book Harvest does not put any restrictions on their access to the funds before the child turns 18. Before the child turns 18, the Latino Community Credit Union (LCCU) will require that Book Harvest be notified before emergency withdrawals are authorized. Data from other locations, which have a similar arrangement, indicates that a very small percentage of families withdraw the money before the child's 18th birthday; and of those that do, many redeposit the funds after the situation that led to the withdrawal has been resolved. This trust in parents speaks to Book Harvest’s core belief that, if given the chance, parents will do what is best for their children.

Staffing Requirements

A background in education, psychology, or social work is preferred as well as at least one year of experience working/partnering with families. Former Book Babies participating parents/caregivers may serve as Book Babies Coaches. 

One full-time Book Babies Literacy Coach partners with 100 families.

NCPC strongly recommends staff receive training in the Standards of Quality for Family Support and Strengthening. Contact Prevent Child Abuse North Carolina | PCANC (preventchildabusenc.org) or National Family Support Network for more information, training and certification.

Training for Model Fidelity

Book Harvest provides curriculum guidance (including a list of recommended books and a manual for home visitors) and recommend vendors for purchasing books. 

Staff training for Book Babies Coaches is facilitated by Book Harvest in a hybrid model (total of 20-25 hours of training, with a minimum of 12 hours in person). In person components are provided in Durham, NC. Book Harvest provides training for the initial cohort of Book Babies Coaches at a new site. This would include additional training for a certified trainer at each site. As the site moves through the process of certification, Book Harvest assesses the need for further training. Additional information about ongoing training for certified trainers is forthcoming.

Initial certification requires shadowing all Book Babies Coaches during 4 home visits (included in the initial 20-25 hours of training). At least 2 home visits must be in person. Initial certification also requires that the Book Babies Coaches participate in 4 Communities of Practice Sessions throughout their first year (may be virtual).

Book Harvest provides technical assistance throughout the first year, including supporting outreach and recruitment, monitoring program process and fidelity measures, tracking key performance indicators (KPI) and analysis of these data, inputting data into the Book Babies Database, generating reports through the database, engaging with local community partners, and more.

Contact Information

https://bookharvest.org/book-babies/

Rachel Stine: Director of New Site Development; rachel@bookharvest.org, 919-599-4004

Cost Estimates

1st year:  $2,000 estimate per family assuming full cohort implementation; includes Technical Assistance and Training fees to be paid to Book Harvest among other expenses.

After 1st year: $2,000 estimate per family annually. The cost of books, staff, materials, events, and all other expenses are included in this estimate.

Book Harvest recommends a minimum of 50 families per birth cohort. Once a family is enrolled, Book Harvest expects the program to commit to a five-year engagement with the family. One full-time Book Babies Literacy Coach serves 100 families.

Purpose Service Code (PSC)

5512 – Literacy Programs

Program Identifier (PID)

Book Babies

Minimal Outputs for NCPC Reporting

FY 23-24:

  • Number of parents/guardians participating†  

FY 24-25:

  • Number of parents/guardians participating†  

†Select Family Support Programs data collection will include basic demographic data for parent/guardian participants including Race, Ethnicity. Data on interpretation and transportation will be collected when appropriate.

Minimal Outcomes for NCPC Reporting

FY 23-24:

  • Increase in frequency of adult and child shared reading 
  • Increase in the adult use of recommended reading strategies

FY 24-25:

  • Increase in frequency of adult and child shared reading 
  • Increase in the adult use of recommended reading strategies

Minimal Measures for NCPC Reporting

FY 23-24:

  • Book Babies Survey

FY 24-25:

  • Book Babies Survey

NCPC Evidence Categorization

Evidence Informed- One randomized control trial (RCT) authored by independent evaluators and one review of focus group findings partially authored by an independent evaluator. The RCT’s findings were limited by COVID-19 related concerns resulting in the study ending earlier than expected (completed 3 of the 5 years).

Research Summary

The two most recent publications on Book Babies include an RCT1 and a non-experimental study.2 Participants in these studies included families of infants who were Medicaid and/or WIC eligible, younger than 16 weeks of age at enrollment, Spanish- and English-speaking families, and children whose caregivers had not previously participated in Book Babies. Results from these studies indicate that Book Babies participants were more likely to report reading more often, feeling connected to their community, and receiving higher scores on language comprehension and production measures. Spanish-speaking families reported the greatest impact, including learning new literacy practices and having an opportunity to learn English with their children. 


  1. See Iruka, Franco, & Andrade (2021). This RCT was conducted by independent evaluators. The study was intended to be a 6-year two-site longitudinal study beginning in 2017, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was paused in 2020 and was unable to resume. Families in Durham and Forsyth Counties were recruited by local agencies interacting with parents of newborns and infants as well as through word of mouth. Participants were families of infants who were Medicaid and/or WIC eligible, younger than 16 weeks of age at enrollment, and whose caregivers had not previously participated in Book Babies. Participating families were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Book Babies (full intervention), Books Only, or Control (cash incentive). Home visits and data collections occurred according to the Book Babies protocol. Families completed the SAF and CDI-SF. Book Babies participants were more likely to report reading easily, having a favorite book, engaging in consistent literacy-focused parenting practices/activities, and received higher scores on comprehension and production (more prominent score differences for children assessed in Spanish).
  2. See Gillanders & Barak (2022). This qualitative study analyzed parent perceptions of Book Babies during the fall of 2020 as COVID-19 restrictions were in effect, resulting in a transition from in-person to virtual home visits. The research sample included alumni who completed 80% of literacy coaching home visits, whose children were enrolled in kindergarten through second grade at the time of the study, and currently enrolled families that completed at least two virtual home visits as well as in-person home visits. Populations sampled in the research include multi-generational families, diverse racial/ethnic groups, and a variety of home languages. The Book Babies Team Leader and Literacy Coach facilitated 12 virtual focus groups with 4 parents per group. Results indicated a greater sense of community, improved knowledge of child development, and children’s increased interest in reading. Spanish-speaking parents reported unique benefits, such as the opportunity to learn English with their child and adopting new literacy practices.

Researched Population

  • Children ages 0-5 years 
  • Spanish- and English-speakers
  • Some research suggests the greatest benefits for children assessed in Spanish

Iruka, I. U., Franco, X., & Andrade, F. (2021). Book Babies Randomized Control Study: 2021 Final Report. Equity Research Action Coalition at the UNC Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute with The Center for Early Education Research and Evaluation at HighScope Educational Research Foundation. Retrieved from https://fpg.unc.edu/sites/fpg.unc.edu/files/resource-files/Book_Babies_Final_Report.pdf

Gillanders, C., & Barak, M. (2022). In Their Own Words: Parents’ Voices about a book-provision program. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 0(0), pp. 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14687984221108267



Local Partnerships Currently Implementing

Local Partnerships in purple have adopted Book Babies. Local Partnership contact information can be found here.